In a historic ruling, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) has declared that countries are legally obligated under international law to take strong action against climate change. The court found that failing to curb greenhouse gas emissions and protect the environment could constitute a violation of international law, even for nations not party to the Paris Agreement. Wealthy and high-emitting countries may now face legal claims for reparations from nations most affected by climate harm, especially vulnerable island states. The decision was driven by years of advocacy from Pacific Island students and climate activists, and is seen as a major victory for climate justice and accountability. This landmark opinion is expected to influence global climate litigation and increase pressure on governments and fossil fuel industries to act decisively.
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